Migraine is a paroxysmal headache disorder affecting more than 13% of the general population in the United States. Migraine is a syndrome and not a disease; it is characterized by paroxysmal headache associated with others signs and symptoms. About 80% of migraineurs have migraine without aura, while migraine with typical aura accounts for 15-20% of cases. Isolated migraine aura without headache (acephalic migraine) may be encountered in 5% of patients.
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The term cellulitis describes the inflammatory response caused by bacteria in the skin below the epidermis. The immune system responds to invading bacteria with an inflammatory reaction in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues, resulting in signs of inflammation.
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Medical practitioners have known of pneumonia since ancient times. Hippocrates indoctrinated his students about "peripneumonia," which, for the ancient healers, had a connotation of an acute illness either with pain in the side or with severe dyspnea. The term acquired a more punctilious meaning as the study of morbid anatomy and physical diagnosis progressed over the last few centuries. Morgagni contributed the concept of solidification of the lung. Laennec, the father of pulmonary medicine, described pathological stages of the disease and showed how to diagnose them using auscultation.
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Bacterial abscess of the liver is relatively rare. It has been described since the time of Hippocrates (400 BC), with the first published review by Bright appearing in 1936. In 1938, Ochsner’s classic review heralded surgical drainage as the definitive therapy; however, despite the more aggressive approach to treatment, the mortality rate remained at 60-80%.
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Enterobacter species, particularly Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes, are important nosocomial pathogens responsible for various infections, including bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and ophthalmic infections.
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